Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Factors Affecting Radical Innovation Emerging in Defense Firms

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Rahman Mahdianikhotbesara 1
seyed sepehr ghazinoory 2
reza radfar 3
1 ‎1.‎ Ph.D. Student in Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economy, ‎Islamic Azad University, Branch of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
2 ‎2.‎ Prof. Faculty of Information Technology, Tarbiat modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 research and sicence university‎3.‎ Prof. Faculty of Management and Economic, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ‎Islamic Azad University, Branch of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/qjimdo.2022.319474.1471
Abstract
Background & Purpose: One of the necessities of consolidating defense superiority is the availability of emerging technologies resulting from radical innovations. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the formation of radical innovations in the defense sector.
Methodology: This research has been conducted with a qualitative approach in the framework of the grounded theory strategy, using hidden content analysis tactics and structured interview tools to explore the factors influencing the emergence of radical innovation in the defense sector.
Findings: Factors affecting the emergence of fundamental innovations include the categories of financial and human resources, laboratory infrastructure, priority setting mechanisms, project management and supervision, supporting processes, governance and structure, networking and open innovation. Time considerations, the requirements of fundamental innovation projects, the requirements of working with innovation champions and common understanding and language were those that could be categorized into three categories of resources, values and processes.
Conclusion: Realization of radical innovations requires expending constant and extensive resources as well as employing expert procedures and processes, which support the achievement of these kinds of innovations. They should be used in the framework of those values encouraging the companies to invest in radical innovations.
Keywords
Radical Innovations
Defense Industries
latent Contetnt Analysis
آقاجانیان، شارا؛ طبائیان، سید کمال؛ رادفر، رضا و سید حسینی، سید محمد.(1399). ارائه چارچوب مفهومی برای توانمندی‌های مدیران پروژه‌های نوآوری باز. مدیریت نوآوری در سازمان­های دفاعی،3(10)، 28-1.
اسدی، اسماعیل؛ داورزنی، محمد؛ اصغری، حرمت و حاتمی، میدیا.(1398).  تاثیر سرمایه انسانی بر نواوری سازمانی: نقش تسهیم دانش. مدیریت نوآوری در سازمان­های دفاعی، 2(5)، 180-155.
اکبری، مهدی؛ امینی، محمد تقی؛ محمودی میمند، محمد و مرادی، محمود.(1398). طراحی مدل نوآوری دوسو توان؛ مطالعه ای در یک بنگاه چندرشته­ای دفاعی. مدیریت نوآوری، 8(3)، 98-77.
بیگی، وحید و علی محمدی، عباس.(1394). شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار در ناکامی شبکه همکاری‌های علمی و نوآوری: آسیب شناسی دفاتر نهاد میانجی. مدیریت توسعه فناوری، 3(3)، 104-81.
حورعلی، مریم؛ منتظری، عباس و الیاسی، مهدی.(1393). شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی اصول مورد نیاز برای بهبود فضای نوآوری بنگاه‌های دفاعی ایران با رویکرد باز. مدیریت نوآوری، 4(2)، 86-57.
خیرگو، منصور و بیداله خانی، فریدون. (1398). طراحی الگوی نظام نوآوری در سازمان‌های دفاعی پژوهشی کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه داده‌بنیاد. مدیریت توسعه فناوری، 2(4)، 134-115.
خوبرو، محمدتقی؛ رحمتی، محمدحسین؛ الوانی، سید مهدی و جندقی، غلامرضا.(1397). مدل سازی و تدوین خط مشی دومنظوره سازی صنعت دفاعی: رویکردی آمیخته. پژوهش‌های مدیریت راهبردی، 24(70)، 117-143.
شفقت، ابوطالب و رضایی، سید جواد.(1399). استخراج الگوی موفقیت سازمان پروژه‌های تحقیقاتی پیشرفته دفاعی (دارپا). چهارمین کنفرانس ملی پژوهش در حسابداری و مدیریت.
شفقت، ابوطالب؛ الیاسی، مهدی؛ طباطبائیان، سید حبیب الله و بامداد صوفی، جهانیار.(1395). گونه‌شناسی فرآیندهای موفق نوآوری دفاعی پس از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی ایران. مدیریت نوآوری،4(4)، 154-131.
صمیمی، منصور و حسینی ، فریدون.(1398). عوامل مؤثر بر نوآوری فناورانه در واحدهای صنعتی دفاعی. مدیریت نوآوری در سازمان­های دفاعی، 1(1)، 140-118.
فرتوک زاده، حمیدرضا؛ دره شیری، محمدرضا و وزیری، جواد.(1393). نقش صنعت دفاعی در گذار به اقتصاد مقاومتی. آفاق امنیت، 7(25)، 54-39.
فضلی، حسین؛ درویشی، امین؛ بوشهری، جواد و نظری زاده، فرهاد.(1392). شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل محیطی موثر بر نوآوری در صنعت دفاعی (مطالعه صنایع دفاعی ج. ا. ایران). مطالعات راهبردی بسیج، 18(69)، 153-182.
Assink, M.(2006). Inhibitors of Disruptive Innovation Capability: A Conceptual Model. European Journal of Innovation Management, 9(2), 215-233.
Bagno, R.B.; Salerno, M.S. and da Silva, D.O.(2017). Models with Graphical Representation for Innovation Management: A Literature Review, R&D Management, 47(4), 637-653.
Billing, D. C.; Fordy, G. R.; Friedl, K. E. and Hasselstrøm, H.(2021). The Implications of Emerging Technology on Military Human Performance Research Priorities. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(10), 947–953.
Bonvillian, W. B.(2006). Power play: The DARPA model and U.S. Energy Policy. The American Interest, 39-48.
Bower, J. L. and Christensen, C. M. (1995) Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave. Harvard Business Review, 73(1), 43–53.
Cake, D.A.; Agrawal, V.; Gresham, G.; Johansen, D. and Di Benedetto, A.(2020), Strategic Orientations, Marketing Capabilities and Radical Innovation Launch Success, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(10), 1527-1537.
Christensen, C. M.(2001). Assesing Your Organization’s Innovation Capabilities, Leader to Leader, 21, 27–37
Council, N. R.(1995). Government/Industry/Academic Relationships for Technology Development: A Workshop Report, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.
Dong, Y.; Tan, R.; Peng, Q.; Su, Y.; Yu, F. and Li, X.(2022). Product Radical Innovation Based on Global Idealization. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 19(3), 481–493.
Domínguez Escrig, E.; Mallén Broch, F. F.; Lapiedra Alcamí, R. and Chiva Gómez, R.(2020). How to Enhance Radical Innovation? the Importance of Organizational Design and Generative Learning. Review of Managerial Science, 14(5), 1101–1122.
Fischer, S.; Frese, M.; Mertins, J. C.; Hardt, J. V.; Flock, T.; Schauder, J.; Schmitz, M. and Wiegel, J.(2014). Climate for Personal Initiative and Radical and Incremental Innovation in Firms: A Validation Study. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 22(01), 91–109.
Flor, M. L.; Cooper, S. Y. and Oltra, M. J.(2018). External Knowledge Search, Absorptive Capacity and Radical Innovation in High-Technology Firms. European Management Journal, 36(2), 183–194.
Forbes, N. and David Wield.(2002). From Followers to Leaders: Managing Technology and Innovation in Newly industrializing Countries, UK: Routledge.
Force, D. S. B. T.(1999). Investment Strategy for Darpa, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, Washington, DC.
Fuchs, E.R. (2010). Rethinking the Role of the State in Technology Development: DARPA and the Case for Embedded Network Governance. Research Policy, 39, 1133-1147.
Ghazinoory, S.; Nasri, S.; Ameri, F.; Montazer, G. A. and Shayan, A.(2020). Why Do We Need ‘Problem-Oriented Innovation System (Pis)’ for Solving Macro-Level Societal Problems? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 119749.
Ghazinoory, S. and Vaziri, J.(2021). Sociotechnical Transitions in Developing World Explaining the Pathway of Iran’s Defence Industry. Obrana a Strategie, 20(2), 83–104.
Hervas-Oliver, J.-L.,; Sempere-Ripoll, F. and Moll, C. B.(2022). Zooming into Firms’ Location, Capabilities and Innovation Performance: Does Agglomeration Foster Incremental or Radical Innovation? European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 100186.
Klotz, Frank G. and Evans, Alexandra T. (2022). The Rationale for a New Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (Issue January). National Security Legislation,  Nuclear Deterrence, United States Air Force.
Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE Publications.
Lennerts, S.; Schulze, A. and Tomczak, T.(2020). The Asymmetric Effects of Exploitation and Exploration on Radical and Incremental Innovation Performance: An Uneven Affair. European Management Journal, 38(1), 121–134.
Makelane, H. and Mathekga, J.(2017). Radical Innovation, Uber-Hailing Transport and Its Impact: A Case Study of Uber Business in Cape Town, South Africa.  International Journal of Advanced Research, 5(10):1559-1566.
McLaughlin, P.; Bessant, J. and Smart, P.(2008). Developing an Organisation Culture to Facilitate Radical Innovation. International Journal of Technology Management, 44(3–4), 298–323.
Moradi, M. and Miralmasi, A.(2020). Pragmatic Research Method. (F. Seydi, Ed.) (1st ed.). Tehran: School of quantitative and qualitative research.
Norman, D, A. and erganti, R. (2014). Incremental and Radical Innovation: Design Research vs. Technology  and Meaning Change, 30(1), 78-96.
O'Connor, G. C.(2008). Grabbing Lightning: Building a Capability for Breakthrough Innovation. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Özdemir, M. H and Özkan, G.(2022). Understanding Defense Industry: A Systems Thinking Perspective. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs , 26 (2), 241-258.
Phene, A.; Fladmoe-Lindquist, K. and Marsh, L.(2006). Breakthrough Innovations in the u.s. Biotechnology Industry: the Effects of Technological Space and Geographic Origin. Strategic Management Journal Strat. Mgmt. J, 27, 369–388.
Reis, G. G.; Heidemann, M. S.; Goes, H. A. A. and Molento, C. F. M.(2021). Can Radical Innovation Mitigate Environmental and Animal Welfare Misconduct in Global Value Chains? the Case of Cell-based Tuna. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 169(May), 120845.
Richardson, J. J.; Bosma, J.; Roosild, S.; and Larriva, D.(1999). A Review of the Technology Reinvestment Project. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, Arlington, VA.
Shaikh, I. A. and Colarelli O’Connor, G.(2020). Understanding The Motivations of Technology Managers in Radical Innovation Decisions in The Mature R&D Firm Context: An Agency Theory Perspective. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 55, 101553.
Slater , S.; Jakki J. Mohr, and Sanjit Sengupta.)2013(. Radical Product Innovation Capability: Literature Review, Synthesis, and Illustrative Research Propositions. Journal of Product Innovation Management,  31(3), 552–566.
Story, V.; O’Malley, L. and Hart, S.(2011). Roles, Role Performance, and Radical Innovation Competences. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(6), 952–966.
Tellis, Gerard J.; Jaideep C. P. and Rajesh K. Chandy.(2009). Radical Innovation Across Nations: The Preeminence of Corporate Culture. Journal of Marketing, 73(1), 3–23.
Teixeira, A. A. C. and Ferreira, C. C. P.(2019). Intellectual Property Rights and the Competitiveness of Academic Spin-offs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. 4(3), 154–161.
Thijssen, S. V.;  Jacobs, M. J. G.; Swart, R. R.; Heising, L.; Ou, C. X. J. and Roumen, C.(2021). The Barriers and Facilitators of Radical Innovation Implementation in Secondary Healthcare: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health Organization and Management, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print), https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-12-2020-0493.
Thneibat, M.(2021). The Effect of Perceived Rewards on Radical Innovation: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management in Indian Manufacturing Firms. Heliyon, 7(5), 1-11.
Tulembayev, A.; Jumadilova, S.; Adilova, A. and Seidaliyeva, D.(2019). Introducing Project Management System into Enterprises of Defense Industry in Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(2), 527–540.
Urbinati, A.; Manzini, R.; Piacentini, D. and Carretti, C. (2021). Implementing Open Innovation for Radical Innovation: Three Successful Cases in The Saes Group. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(2), 501-522.
Van Atta, R. H., J., L. M., Lupo, J. C., Mahoney, J., and Nunn, J. H. (2003) Transformation and Transition: Darpa’s Role in Fostering an Emerging Revolution in Military Affairs.Volume1–Overall assessment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Yang, W.; Cao, G.; Peng, Q. and Sun, Y.(2021). Effective Radical Innovations Using Integrated Qfd and Triz. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 162, 107716.
Zhao, J.; Xi, X.; Li, B.; Wang, T. and Yin, H.(2020). Research on Radical Innovation Implementation Through Knowledge Reuse Based on Knowledge Flow: A Case Study on Academic Teams. Information and Management, 57(8), 103260.