Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Identifying Open Innovation Barriers in Service Enterprise using Meta Synthesis Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hojat Vahdati 1
Mohammad Hakkak 1
ali shariatnejad 2
Milad Amraei 3
1 Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 assistant professor, faculty of management and economic, lorestan university, khorramabad, Iran.
3 PhD Student in Management, Faculty of Management, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
10.22034/qjimdo.2025.486563.1715
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Today, the existence of creativity and innovation in organizations is essential, some sources have identified the lack of creativity and innovation with the destruction of the organization. In the past, the innovation process depended on internal organizational intellectual resources and efforts to develop and commercialize them within the organization. However, today, the open innovation paradigm has caused companies to use more external ideas and technologies in their business and allow other companies to use their innovative ideas. Open innovation is a topic that has received intense attention from researchers and managers in recent years. Accordingly, this study identifies barriers to open innovation in service organizations with a meta-synthesis approach.
Methodology: The present study is based on qualitative research conducted with a meta-synthesis approach. The statistical population includes articles from the last twenty years (from 2002 to 2022). In this study, consultation with experts in the fields of insurance and banking was used for theoretical and practical validation. In descriptive validation, independent evaluation by two researchers was used. In order to increase validity and reliability, the reviewed documents were coded separately by one of the experts, and the percentage of agreement between the two coders was 0.83 using the formula proposed by Miles and Haberman (1994); therefore, it can be said that the coding is sufficiently reliable.
Findings: The results of this study showed that barriers to open innovation in service organizations such as insurance and banking include the following: internal barriers (including knowledge barriers, technological/technical barriers, structural/bureaucratic, managerial, human resources, communication/cognitive, perceptual, financial, time, and process barriers) and external barriers (including legal, political, marketing, competitive, and other environmental barriers).
Conclusion: Open innovation is recognized as an effective approach to enhance the competitiveness and performance of service organizations, but there are several obstacles to its successful implementation. The results of this study show that internal and external barriers are the most important limiting factors for open innovation in service organizations. Recognizing and managing these barriers can lead to improved innovation processes, increased inter-organizational collaboration, and better utilization of internal and external resources. Therefore, adopting practical solutions and developing appropriate infrastructure to address these barriers is essential for realizing the full potential of open innovation in service organizations.
Keywords
Open Innovation
Meta Synthesis
Service Organizations

Subjects

Abbasi Gorji, A. , & Akbari, M. (2024). Designing a Strategic Change Management Model in the Open Innovation System and Collaborative Space of Knowledge-Based Companies. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 7(3), 19-44. (In Persian)
Akbari, M., Zarehparvar shojae, E., Padash, H., & Alizadeh, S. (2018). The impact of Inbound and Outbound Open Innovation on Innovation Performance of Information and Communication Technology Firms. Journal of Technology Development Management, 6(3), 157-184. (In persian)
Akbari.M., Alizadeh.sh.and Zolfaghari, A. (2022). Policy development of open innovation: requirements for Iran. Growth Quarterly, Technology,18(71),33-42. (In persian)
Alawamleh, M., Al-Hussaini, M., & Bani Ismail, L. (2022). Open innovation in the food industry: trends and barriers—a case of the Jordanian food industry. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 12(1), 279-290.
Ansari, R., Taheri, M.R.and Jafari,Z.( 2016). Opportunities and challenges of open innovation and closed innovation in Iran's business environment. The fourth national conference and the second international accounting and management conference with new practical and research approaches- Industrial Management Institute. (In persian)
Babaeifarsani, M., Amindost, F., and Alidade, K.(2018). Designing an open innovation model in small and medium- sized companies using data base theory. Organizational Knowledge Management, 1(2), 95-136. (In persian)
Bakhshem, M., Karimi.H. and Hoseinpour.M. (2022). Identification of open innovation challenges in small and medium-sized companies based on the stages of innovation plans. Science and Technology Policy Quarterly,12(2),44-63. (In persian)                                                            
Bigliardi, B., Ivo Dormio, A., & Galati, F. (2012). The adoption of open innovation within the telecommunication industry. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(1), 27-54..
Bogers, M., Burcharth, A. L. A., & Chesbrough, H. (2021). Open innovation in Brazil: Exploring opportunities and challenges. Available at SSRN 3778361.
Brockman, P., Khurana, I. K., & Zhong, R. I. (2018). Societal trust and open innovation. Research Policy, 47(10), 2048-2065.
Bustinza, O. F., Vendrell-Herrero, F., Perez-Arostegui, M., & Parry, G. (2019). Technological capabilities, resilience capabilities and organizational effectiveness. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(8), 1370–1392.
Cammarano, A., Caputo, M., Lamberti, E., & Michelino, F. (2017). Open innovation and intellectual property: a knowledge-based approach. Management Decision, 55(6), 1182–1208.
Coras, E. L., & Tantau, A. D. (2014). Open Innovation-The Good, The Bad, The Uncertainties. USV Annals of Economics & Public Administration, 14(1), 38-47.
Cheng, C. C. J., & Huizingh, E. K. R. E. (2014). When Is Open Innovation Beneficial? The Role of Strategic Orientation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1235-1253.
Chesbrough, H. (2003).Open innovation –The new imperative for creating & profiting from technology. Harvard Business Review.
Davoodi, N. , Akbari, M. , & Padash, H. (2016). Identifying and Ranking Impact Factors on Open Innovation Success in ICT Firms. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 9(2), 239-256. (In Persian)
Enke, N. and Borchers, N. S. (2021). Social Media Influencers in Strategic Communication: A Conceptual Framework for Strategic Social Media Influencer Communication. In Social Media Influencers in Strategic Communication (PP. 7-23). Routledge.
Grimaldi, M., Quinto,I. and Rippa,P .( 2013).Enabling open innovation in small and medium Enterprises: A Dynamic Capabilities Approach. Knowledge and process Management ,20(4),199-210.
Habiba, S., & Rafati, F. (2022). Legal Challenges of Adopting Open Innovation Procedure as a Business Model for Companies Emphasizing the Role of Policy Making in Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Policy, 7(4), 111-128. (In persian)
Hakaki, A. , Shafiei Nikabadi, M. , & Bidkham, M. (2021). Provide a multilevel structural model for the successful implementation of open innovation. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 4(1), 79-106. (In persian)
Hopkins, M. M., Tidd, J., Nightingale, P., & Miller, R. (2011). Generative and degenerative interactions: positive and negative dynamics of open, user‐centric innovation in technology and engineering consultancies. R&d Management, 41(1), 44-60.
Huggins, R., Prokop, D., & Thompson, P. (2020). Universities and open innovation: The determinants of network centrality. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 45, 718-757.
Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., & de las Heras-Pedrosa, C. (2019). Industrial and tourism perspectives on open innovation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 32(5), 517-532.
Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., López-Delgado, P., Correia, M. B., & Jambrino-Maldonado, C. (2020). How do external openness and R&D activity influence open innovation management and the potential contribution of social media in the tourism and hospitality industry?. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(2), 297-323.
Janevski, Z., Davitkovska, E., & Petkovski, V. (2015). Barriers of implementing open innovations in Macedonian SME’s. Economic Development, Journal of the Institute of Economics–Skopje.
Javdaneh, p., Jafari,p.and Vazifehdoost ,H. (2021) .Analyzing the dimensions and components of innovation ecosystem based on met combination method. Innovation and value creation quarterly,10(20),107-124. (In persian)
Keupp, M. M., & Gassmann, O. (2009). Determinants and archetype users of open innovation. R&d Management, 39(4), 331-341.
Lazarenko, Y. (2019). Open innovation practice: exploring opportunities and potential risks. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), 90-95.
Lee, J. Y., Park, Y. R., Ghauri, P. N., & Park, B. I. (2014). Innovative knowledge transfer patterns of group-affiliated companies: The effects on the performance of foreign subsidiaries. Journal of International Management, 20(2), 107-123.
Mehrali, M.and Mirghafoori,S,H. (2020). Determining barriers to open innovation in the food industry using content analysis techniques. Industrial Management and Engineering Quarterly,2(4),62-68. (In persian)
Moretz, J., Sankaranarayanan, K., & Percival, J. (2021). Open innovation in services? A conceptual model of barriers to service innovation adoption. Journal of Innovation Management, 9(4), 58-79.
Mergel, I. (2021). Open innovation in the public sector: drivers and barriers for the adoption of Challenge. gov. In Digital Government and Public Management (pp. 94-113). Routledge.
Moayedi, I. (2019). Investigating the impact of the organization's creative atmosphere on the flexibility of organizations due to innovation in the General Gas Administration of Gilan Province. Scientific Journal of New Research Approaches to Management and Accounting, 3(10), 1-20. (In persian)
Mortara, L., Napp, J.J., SLacik,I.,and  Mensal , T. (2009) . How to implement open innovation: lesson from studying Large Multinational companies. University of Cambridge.
Nnamseh, M.P., Victoria, U., Nsikan, J and Enouh, R.o. (2020). Application of open Innovation in Modern organizations: Benefits and Barriers. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(3),12067-1217.  
Oduro, S. (2020). Exploring the barriers to SMEs’ open innovation adoption in Ghana: A mixed research approach. International Journal of Innovation Science, 12(1), 21-51.
Oumlil, R., & Juiz, C. (2016). An Up-to-date Survey in barriers to open innovation. Journal of technology management & innovation, 11(3), 137-152.
Padual, S. R. M., Ong, A. K. S., German, J. D., & Gumasing, M. J. J. (2024). The need for individualization: An open innovation perspective on the case for customized products. Acta Psychologica, 249, 104473.
Park, Y. W., Amano, T., & Moon, G. (2012). Benchmarking open and cluster innovation: case of Korea. Benchmarking: An international journal, 19(4/5), 517-531.
Pontiskoski, E., & Asakawa, K. (2009). Overcoming barriers to open innovation at Apple, Nintendo and Nokia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 53(5), 372-377.
Rauter, R., Globocnik, D., Perl-Vorbach, E., & Baumgartner, R. J. (2019). Open innovation and its effects on economic and sustainability innovation performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(4), 226-233.
Rodríguez, J. L., & Lorenzo, A. G. (2011). Open innovation: organizational challenges of a new paradigm of innovation management. Annals-Economy Series, 3, 99-110.
Rosa, A. C. M., Chimendes, V. C. G., & Amorim, G. F. (2020). Measuring open innovation practices in small companies at important Brazilian industrial centers. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119805.
Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. springer publishing company.
Savitskaya, I., Salmi, P., & Torkkeli, M. (2010). Barriers to open innovation: Case China. Journal of technology management & innovation, 5(4), 10-21
Shabanpour, Z. , & Kia Kojouri, K. (2023). The Role of Innovation, External Openness and Open Innovation Management on the Innovative Performance of Small and Medium Businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research, 2(2), 37-49.  (In Persian)
Şimşek, K., & Yıldırım, N. (2016). Constraints to open innovation in science and technology parks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 719-728.
Siuta-Tokarska, B. (2021). Smes during the covid-19 pandemic crisis. The sources of problems, the effects of changes, applied tools and management strategies—the example of poland. Sustainability, 13(18), 10185.55-
Stanisławski, R., & Lisowsk, R. (2015). The relations between innovation openness (open innovation) and the innovation potential of SMEs. Procedia economics and finance, 23, 1521-1526.
Stoetzel, M., & Wiener, M. (2013). Challenges and Dilemmas in Open Innovation: Ambidexterity as Management Approach.
Ziyae, B. , & Kafaee, F. (2020). Designing Comprehensive Model of Corporate Governance with open innovation approach in the insurance Industry. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 3(3), 25-50. (In Persian).