Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Identifying and Explaining the Antecedent and Consequential Factors of Talent Attrition in the Navy Using the FCM Method

Document Type : Original Article

Author
PhD in Public Administration, Organizational Behavior Orientation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/qjimdo.2026.562356.1775
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Talent stagnation refers to a condition in which individuals with high potential and exceptional capabilities are unable to fully develop, learn, and utilize their capacities within an organization due to various organizational constraints. Under such circumstances, their talents either remain unrealized or gradually deteriorate over time. In other words, the organizational environment fails to provide opportunities for employees' talents to flourish, thereby limiting their productivity, creativity, and value-creation potential. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to identify and model the antecedents and consequences of talent stagnation in the Navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with a particular focus on explaining the factors contributing to this phenomenon and its implications for organizational performance.
Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory survey research in terms of data collection. A mixed deductive–inductive approach was adopted to guide the research process. The study population consisted of 20 senior executives and human resource managers of the Navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who were selected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews in the qualitative phase and questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The validity of the research instruments was confirmed through content validity, while reliability was established using inter-coder reliability for the interviews and test–retest reliability for the questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and coding, whereas quantitative data were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM).
Findings: The qualitative findings identified the major determinants and perceived consequences of talent stagnation in human resources. The quantitative findings further revealed that ineffective human resource management and ineffective organizational policies were the most significant antecedents of talent stagnation. Moreover, reduced organizational productivity and declining organizational competitiveness and reputation were identified as the most prominent consequences of this phenomenon.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that talent stagnation is fundamentally an organization-centered phenomenon, primarily rooted in deficiencies in human resource management and ineffective organizational policies. This phenomenon adversely affects organizational performance, productivity, and competitive position. Therefore, revising talent management systems and reforming human resource policies constitute essential prerequisites for effectively leveraging human capital and enhancing organizational effectiveness within the Navy of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Keywords
Subjects

Ackroyd, S. & Thompson, P. (2022). Organisational Misbehaviour. Sage Publications, London.
Adias, L. T., & Raimi, A. A. G. (2025). Addressing Skills Gaps and Talent Shortages in Nigeria: HRM Strategies for the Future. JMIR Preprints, 11(04), 2025.
Appiah, S. O., & kofi Boateng, R. (2025). Engagement as a Lever: The Impact of Talent Management on Turnover Intentions at Ghana's Lands Commission. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 33-47.
Banerjee, P. (2022). A Review of the Predictive Modeling of Employee Attrition and its Extension for Talent Management in View of HR Disruption.
Banerjee, P., & Sharma, N. (2025). Digital transformation and talent management in industry 4.0: a systematic literature review and the future directions. The Learning Organization, 32(4), 620-640.
Becker, S. P., Willcutt, E. G., Leopold, D. R., Fredrick, J. W., Smith, Z. R., Jacobson, L. A., ... & Barkley, R. A. (2023). Report of a work group on sluggish cognitive tempo: Key research directions and a consensus change in terminology to cognitive disengagement syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 62(6), 629-645.
Bhana, A. & Suknunan, S. (2021). Exploring leadership factors creating employee engagement or disengagement across job grade categories at a public higher education institution in South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(1), 317-327.
Blackmore, J. (2014). ‘Wasting talent’? Gender and the problematics of academic disenchantment and disengagement with leadership. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(1).
Blumberg, S., Krawina, M., Mäkelä, E., & Soller, H. (2023). Women in Tech: The Best Bet to Solve Europe's Talent Shortage (pp. 1-10). McKinsey.
Caligiuri, P. M., Collings, D. G., De Cieri, H., & Lazarova, M. B. (2024). Global talent management: A critical review and research agenda for the new organizational reality. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 393-421.
Gallardo-Gallardo, E., Thunnissen, M., & Scullion, H. (2020). Talent management: context matters. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(4), 457-473.
Jaipong, P., Nyen Vui, C., & Siripipatthanakul, S. (2022). A case study on talent shortage and talent war of True Corporation, Thailand. International Journal of Behavioral Analytics, 2(3), 1-12.
Jeswani, S., & Sarkar, S. (2008). Integrating talent engagement as a strategy to high performance and retention. Asia Pacific Business Review, 4(4), 14-23.
Johnson, D. (2016). A Qualitative Analysis of the Drivers of Employee Disengagement across Four Generations of U.S. Employees. Dissertation Submitted to North Central University Graduate Faculty of the School of Business and Technology Management in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy.
Jooss, S., Collings, D. G., McMackin, J., & Dickmann, M. (2024). A skills‐matching perspective on talent management: Developing strategic agility. Human Resource Management, 63(1), 141-157.
Latukha, M., Pitubaeva, T., Khasieva, D., Kriklivetc, A., & Yan, K. (2025). External mentoring as a talent attraction tool in the talent shortage context. BRICS Journal of Economics, 6(1), 163-183.
Liu-Lastres, B., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2024). Combating quiet quitting: implications for future research and practices for talent management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(1), 13-24.
Mahroof, J., Rafi, A., & Ahmad, A. (2025). Talent Management during Digital Transformation: Role of Transformational Leadership and Resistance to Change. Technology in Society, 102964.
Maleki, M., Memarzadeh Tehrani, A., & Parham, A. (2024). Designing a talent management model based on employee participation. Development and Transformation Management, 16(57), 25–35. (in Persian)
Maleki, Mehri, Memarzadeh-Tehran, Azimi, & Parham. (2024). Designing a talent management model focused on employee engagement. Development and Transformation Management, 57(16), 25-35 .(In Persian)
Maley, J. F., Dabić, M., Neher, A., Wuersch, L., Martin, L., & Kiessling, T. (2024). Performance management in a rapidly changing world: implications for talent management. Management Decision, 62(10), 3085-3108.
Mobasheri, A. A., Nasresfahani, A., & Teymouri, H. (2024). Talent stagnation model: A meta-synthesis approach. Public Management, 1(32), 6. (in Persian)
Montero Guerra, J. M., & Danvila-Del Valle, I. (2024). Exploring organizational change in the age of digital transformation and its impact on talent management: trends and challenges. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 37(6), 1273-1294.
Mousavi, S. E., Seyed Javadin, H., & Hassanqolipour, T. (2025). A qualitative study of the drivers and consequences of talent management in organizations. Innovation Management in Defense Organizations, 8(1), 57–80. (in Persian)
Mousavi, Seyed Ebrahim, Seyed Javadin, Hasanqoli Pour, & Tahmoures. (2025). A qualitative study of the drivers' pattern and outcomes of talent management in the organization. Innovation Management in Defense Organizations, 8(1), 57-80.(In Persian)
O’Connor, E. P., & Crowley-Henry, M. (2019). Exploring the relationship between exclusive talent management, perceived organizational justice and employee engagement: Bridging the literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 156, 903-917.
Painter‐Morland, M., Kirk, S., Deslandes, G., & Tansley, C. (2019). Talent management: The good, the bad, and the possible. European Management Review, 16(1), 135-146.
Pandita, D., & Ray, S. (2018). Talent management and employee engagement–a meta-analysis of their impact on talent retention. Industrial and Commercial Training, 50(4), 185-199.
Reis, I., Sousa, M. J., & Dionísio, A. (2021). Employer branding as a talent management tool: A systematic literature revision. Sustainability, 13(19), 10698.
Rotolo, C. T., Church, A. H., Adler, S., Smither, J. W., Colquitt, A. L., Shull, A. C., ... & Foster, G. (2018). Putting an end to bad talent management: A call to action for the field of industrial and organizational psychology. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(2), 176-219.
Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Štrukelj, T. (2023). Competitiveness through development of strategic talent management and agile management ecosystems. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 24(3), 373-393.
Schinnenburg, H., & Boehmer, N. (2025). Re-focusing talent management: Frontline and essential work as the contemporary challenge. Human Resource Management Review, 35(3), 101090.
Shariatnejad, A., Hosseini, M., & Mohrabifar, D. (2025). Designing a model of talent stagnation formation in the Navy of the Army using interpretive structural modeling (ISM): A case study of the Navy of the Army. Journal of Career and Organizational Counseling, 17(1), 31-68 (in Persian)
Trivedi, M. (2022). A Study on Attrition Analysis and Talent Retention strategies for Millennials in IT Industry with special reference to Saurashtra Region-A Systematic Literature Review. In International Research Conference on Innovations, Startup and Investments.
Tusquellas, N., Palau, R., & Santiago, R. (2024). Analysis of the potential of artificial intelligence for professional development and talent management: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100288.
Uxbury, L., & Halinski, M. (2014). Dealing with the “Grumpy Boomers”: Re engaging the disengaged and retaining talent. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4), 660-676.
Yadav, U. S., & Rena, R. (2025). Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Talent Management, Social Media, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology on Business Performance in Handicraft Industry: An Analysis of Innovation as Moderating Construct. FIIB Business Review, 23197145241305678.
Yiu, L., & Saner, R. (2014). Talent attrition and retention: Strategic challenges for Indian industries in the next decade. Elite Research Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 2(1), 1-9.