Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations

A Phenomenological Study of Business Coaching in Start-Up Businesses

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD student in Public Administration, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, Faculties of Management, University of Tehran, Iran
10.22034/qjimdo.2025.521902.1749
Abstract
زمینه و هدف: با رشد سریع و ظهور هزاران کسب‌وکار نوپا در سال‌های اخیر، به‌ویژه در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات، این کسب‌وکارها با چالش‌های متعددی در مسیر تثبیت، توسعه و رقابت‌پذیری روبه‌رو شده‌اند. در این میان، مربیگری کسب‌وکار به عنوان یکی از رویکردهای مؤثر در ارتقای ظرفیت‌های مدیریتی، تصمیم‌گیری و رشد پایدار، اهمیت فزاینده‌ای یافته است. این مطالعه با رویکرد پدیدارشناختی به واکاوی تجربه‌های زیسته خبرگان از  مربیگری کسب‌وکار در کسب‌وکارهای نوپا می‌پردازد.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و بر مبنای استراتژی پدیدارشناسی تفسیری (هرمنوتیکی) به‌منظور فهم عمیق تجربه زیسته مربیان و شاگردان در زمینه مربی‌گری کسب‌وکار در استارت‌آپ‌های حوزه فناوری اطلاعات انجام شده است. فلسفه پژوهش در پارادایم تفسیری و با رویکرد استقرایی شکل گرفته است. داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساخت‌یافته و از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند قضاوتی از ۲۰ مشارکت‌کننده گردآوری شده‌اند. تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس روش شش‌مرحله‌ای پدیدارشناسی تفسیری ون منن انجام گرفته و افق زمانی پژوهش، مقطعی بوده است.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل کیفی داده‌ها به شناسایی شش بُعد اصلی مؤثر بر اثربخشی مربیگری کسب‌وکار در استارت‌آپ‌های فناورانه منجر شد. این ابعاد شامل: ساختار و فرهنگ سازمانی، فرآیندها و ابزارهای مربیگری، توسعه و رشد فردی و سازمانی، راهبردها و چالش‌ها، روابط و ارتباطات، و محیط کار هستند. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که مربیگری موفق در استارت‌آپ‌ها مستلزم تلفیق دقیق رویکردهای روان‌شناختی، مدیریتی، و فرهنگی با نیازهای پویای این کسب‌وکارها است. این شش بُعد در قالب یک چارچوب مفهومی، مسیر طراحی و اجرای مؤثر برنامه‌های مربیگری در اکوسیستم نوآوری را روشن می‌سازند.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که مربیگری کسب‌وکار نقش مهمی در افزایش خودآگاهی، اعتماد به نفس، تصمیم‌گیری راهبردی و تسهیل یادگیری در میان بنیان‌گذاران کسب‌وکارهای نوپا دارد. همچنین، تجربه مربیگری به‌عنوان یک فرآیند تعاملی و تحول‌آفرین درک می‌شود که فراتر از انتقال دانش، به توانمندسازی ذهنی و توسعه فردی و سازمانی منجر می‌گردد. این نتایج می‌تواند راهگشای طراحی برنامه‌های اثربخش مربیگری برای حمایت هدفمند از اکوسیستم استارتاپی باشد.
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