راهبردهای تجاری‌سازی فناوری‏های نظامی؛ از فناوری‏ دوکاربردی تا توسعه زیست ‏بوم نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)، تهران، ایران

2 دکترای کارآفرینی فناورانه دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران،تهران، ایران

10.22034/qjimdo.2020.199418.1184

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: امروزه اقدامات متنوعی جهت تجاری‌سازی فناوری‌های نظامی در کشورهای مختلف جهان انجام می‌شود. بر این اساس، این مقاله به واکاوی و ارائه چارچوبی از راهبردهای تجاری‌سازی فناوری نظامی می‌پردازد.
روش‌شناسی: با توجه به قابلیت مرور نظام‌مند در انسجام‌بخشی به حوزه‌هایی با ادبیات متنوع و گسترده، این پژوهش با اتخاذ این روش‌شناسی به گردآوری و فراترکیب 39 مقاله آکادمیک نمایه شده در پایگاه اسکوپوس بین سال‌های 2000 تا 2019 پرداخت.
یافته‌ها: راهبردهای تجاری‌سازی فناوری نظامی در چهار دسته توسعه زیرساخت‌های ملی (همچون اصلاح نظام مالکیت فکری در صنایع نظامی)، توسعه زیست‌بوم نوآوری (مانند تعامل صنایع نظامی با شرکت‌های نوپا و نوآور)، توسعه فناوری دوکاربردی (با تمرکز بر مراحل ابتدایی توسعه فناوری) و توسعه انتقال فناوری (با تأکید بر شرکت‌های زایشی فناورانه و واسطه‌گران فناوری) طبقه‌بندی شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: راهبردهای چهارگانه در سه سطح ملی، صنعت و بنگاه می‌تواند باعث تحول در تجاری‌سازی فناوری‌های نظامی گردد. همچنین، بر راهبرد توسعه فناوری‌های دوکاربردی از منظر گستره کاربرد و راهبرد توسعه زیست‌بوم نوآوری از منظر تحولات جدید این عرصه تأکید شده است.

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